With the rapid development of digital communication systems, the requirements for test and analysis techniques are increasing. In this field, the DCA-M sampling oscilloscope plays an important role as a high-performance instrument. It captures and analyzes waveform, clock, and level information of high-speed digital signals, providing engineers with accurate measurements of timing and electrical parameters to help them assess signal quality, optimize system performance, and solve communication problems.

Keysight Technologies, Inc. on February 6, 2015, released new measurement capabilities software: Keysight 86100D-9FP PAM-N Analysis Software, designed to help engineers perform fast and accurate PAM-4 (4-level pulse amplitude modulation) signal testing and verification. The software provides comprehensive optical and electrical PAM-4 signal analysis to effectively address the bandwidth constraints of data center networks and meet the demands of high-speed data transmission in today's information age.

Pressure eye test, an important indicator for evaluating the performance of 25-28G optical receivers, is mainly to verify the degree of tolerance of the receiving end to poor signals. The related equipments used here are: AXIe mainframe M9502A+M8195A AWG module+M9537A built-in PC controller, M9505A mainframe+M8046A high-performance BER+M8045A code generator, Remote Head M8057A, DCA-M N1092C,8164B lightwave mainframe system, which is integrated with the light sources such as 81608A+81942A Reference Receiver+81577A Attenuator. There are also some small parts such as combiner, directional coupler, several optical fibers, several adapters.

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A wide range of measurements can be performed on waveforms using a digital oscilloscope. The range and complexity of measurements depends on the oscilloscope's feature set. The figure shows a blank display of a Keysight 8000 Series oscilloscope. Note the measurement buttons/icons listed on the far left side of the screen. These icons can be dragged onto the waveform using the mouse, and the measurement will be calculated. These icons are also convenient because the icons themselves tell you what measurement is being taken.

High-speed sampling oscilloscopes are mainly used for optical eye diagram testing of optical transmitters, electrical eye diagram testing of optical modules and AOCs, etc. They can also be used for signal calibration in future electrical receiver and optical receiver tolerance testing. High-speed BER instruments are mainly used for generating high-quality electrical signal excitation and BER testing in optical transmitter (optical eye diagram) testing, and can also be used for generating electrical signals with jitter and stress to verify the receiving tolerance in electrical receiver and optical receiver tolerance testing.

Typically, oscilloscopes are operated using knobs and buttons on the front panel. In addition to the controls on the front panel, many high-end oscilloscopes are now equipped with an operating system, so they can be operated in the same way as a computer. You can connect a mouse and keyboard to the oscilloscope and use the mouse to adjust the controls by using the pull-down menus and buttons on the display. In addition, some oscilloscopes are equipped with touchscreens that allow you to access menus using a stylus or your fingertips.

An oscilloscope is a test and measurement instrument used to display a variable as a function of another variable. For example, it can plot voltage (y-axis) versus time (x-axis) on a display. Figure 10 is an example of such a graph. This is very useful if you want to test whether an electronic component is working properly. If you know what the signal waveform should look like when the component is removed, you can use an oscilloscope to see if the component is actually outputting the correct signal.

The main purpose of an oscilloscope is to give an accurate visual display of the electrical signal. For this reason, signal integrity is very important. Signal integrity is the ability of an oscilloscope to reconstruct a waveform so that it accurately represents the original signal. If the signal integrity of an oscilloscope is low, it is useless. Because when the waveform on the oscilloscope does not have the same shape or characteristics as the real signal, it is meaningless to perform the test. However, it is important to remember that no matter how good the oscilloscope is, the waveform on the oscilloscope is never an accurate representation of the real signal. This is because when you connect an oscilloscope to a circuit, the oscilloscope has become part of the circuit. In other words, there is some load effect. Although instrument manufacturers strive to minimize load effects, they are always present to some degree.