10G PON and 25G PON: Next Generation Technologies for Passive Optical Networks
Passive optical network (PON) is a fibre-optic access technology that distributes fibre-optic signals to multiple users through a passive splitter, achieving the goal of fibre-to-the-home (FTTH).PON technology has the advantages of high transmission rate, wide coverage, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection, and it has become one of the mainstream technologies for broadband access. With the increasing demand of users for high-speed broadband access, PON technology is also developing continuously, from the initial GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) and EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network), to the later 10G PON (10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network), and then to the latest 25G PON (25 Gigabit Passive Optical Network), the downlink rate of the PON technology has been increased by 25 times, reaching the level of 25Gbps. the level of 25 Gbps. This article will introduce the key technologies of 10G PON and 25G PON, as well as their advantages and application scenarios.
Key Technologies of 10G PON and 25G PON
10G PON and 25G PON are two passive optical network (PON) technologies that provide downlink rates of 10Gbps and 25Gbps, respectively, to meet user demand for high-speed broadband access. 10G PON and 25G PON have the following key technologies:
- Wavelength selection: 10G PON and 25G PON use different wavelength schemes to achieve coexistence and compatibility with existing GPON and EPON. 10G PON has a downlink wavelength of 1577 nm and an uplink wavelength of 1270 nm, which is wavelength-isolated from GPON or EPON by a WDM1r combiner. 25G PON has a downlink wavelength is 1330nm and the uplink wavelength is 1270nm, which is wavelength-isolated from the 10G PON through a WDM1r combiner.
- Line coding: 10G PON and 25G PON use different line coding to improve transmission efficiency and interference immunity. 10G PON uses NRZ (non-return-to-zero) coding, where each bit corresponds to a level, with the advantage of a simple structure and the disadvantage that it requires a high-bandwidth optical device and dispersion compensation. 25G PON adopts PAM4 (fourth-order pulse amplitude modulation) coding, where each two bits corresponds to a level, with the disadvantage of requiring high bandwidth optical devices and dispersion compensation. PAM4 (4th order pulse amplitude modulation) coding, each two bits corresponds to one level, the advantage is to reduce the bandwidth requirements of optical devices, the disadvantage is that it requires high linearity optical devices and complex electronic devices.
- FEC: 10G PON and 25G PON use different FEC (Forward Error Correction) techniques to improve reception sensitivity and transmission distance. 10G PON uses RS (Reed-Solomon) coding, which corrects up to 8 error bytes and improves reception sensitivity by about 6 dB. 25G PON uses LDPC ( Low Density Parity Check) coding, which corrects more error bits and improves reception sensitivity by about 10dB.
- Common TC technology: 10G PON and 25G PON adopt the same Common TC (Transmission Convergence) technology for service transmission and scheduling, which defines PON frame structure, ONU registration and discovery, bandwidth allocation and dynamic bandwidth adjustment, data encryption and decryption, data saving, and data encryption and decryption. and data encryption and decryption, power saving modes and protection mechanisms.
10G PON and 25G PON have several advantages over GPON and EPON:
- Provide higher transmission rates to meet user demand for high-bandwidth services such as high-definition video, cloud computing, and online games.
- Supports more user access and improves the utilisation and efficiency of network resources.
- Compatible with existing PON technology, it can reuse existing optical fibres and splitters, reducing the cost of network construction and maintenance.
- Adopts advanced coding and error correction technologies to improve signal quality and reliability and extend transmission distance and coverage.
The application scenarios of 10G PON and 25G PON mainly include:
- Broadband access: 10G PON and 25G PON can provide high-speed broadband access services for home and business users, supporting a variety of service types, such as Internet, IPTV, VoIP and so on.
- Mobile backhaul: 10G PON and 25G PON can be used as a backhaul technology for mobile networks, providing high-speed data transmission for new-generation mobile communication technologies such as 5G and 6G, supporting features such as large capacity, low latency and high reliability.
- Data centre interconnection: 10G PON and 25G PON can be used as the interconnection technology between data centres to provide high-speed data exchange for applications such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., and support features such as high-density, high-performance, and low-power consumption.
10G PON and 25G PON are the new generation technologies of passive optical networks with high-speed, compatible, reliable, and energy-saving features, which are suitable for a variety of application scenarios and are the future trend of broadband access and data transmission. This paper introduces the key technologies of 10G PON and 25G PON, as well as their advantages and application scenarios, and hopes to be helpful to readers. For more detailed information, please refer to the related standard documents and technical articles.
Passive optical network (PON) is a fibre-optic access technology that distributes fibre-optic signals to multiple users through a passive splitter, achieving the goal of fibre-to-the-home (FTTH).PON technology has the advantages of high transmission rate, wide coverage, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection, and it has become one of the mainstream technologies for broadband access. With the increasing demand of users for high-speed broadband access, PON technology is also developing continuously, from the initial GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) and EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network), to the later 10G PON (10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network), and then to the latest 25G PON (25 Gigabit Passive Optical Network), the downlink rate of the PON technology has been increased by 25 times, reaching the level of 25Gbps. the level of 25 Gbps. This article will introduce the key technologies of 10G PON and 25G PON, as well as their advantages and application scenarios.
Key Technologies of 10G PON and 25G PON
10G PON and 25G PON are two passive optical network (PON) technologies that provide downlink rates of 10Gbps and 25Gbps, respectively, to meet user demand for high-speed broadband access. 10G PON and 25G PON have the following key technologies:
- Wavelength selection: 10G PON and 25G PON use different wavelength schemes to achieve coexistence and compatibility with existing GPON and EPON. 10G PON has a downlink wavelength of 1577 nm and an uplink wavelength of 1270 nm, which is wavelength-isolated from GPON or EPON by a WDM1r combiner. 25G PON has a downlink wavelength is 1330nm and the uplink wavelength is 1270nm, which is wavelength-isolated from the 10G PON through a WDM1r combiner.
- Line coding: 10G PON and 25G PON use different line coding to improve transmission efficiency and interference immunity. 10G PON uses NRZ (non-return-to-zero) coding, where each bit corresponds to a level, with the advantage of a simple structure and the disadvantage that it requires a high-bandwidth optical device and dispersion compensation. 25G PON adopts PAM4 (fourth-order pulse amplitude modulation) coding, where each two bits corresponds to a level, with the disadvantage of requiring high bandwidth optical devices and dispersion compensation. PAM4 (4th order pulse amplitude modulation) coding, each two bits corresponds to one level, the advantage is to reduce the bandwidth requirements of optical devices, the disadvantage is that it requires high linearity optical devices and complex electronic devices.
- FEC: 10G PON and 25G PON use different FEC (Forward Error Correction) techniques to improve reception sensitivity and transmission distance. 10G PON uses RS (Reed-Solomon) coding, which corrects up to 8 error bytes and improves reception sensitivity by about 6 dB. 25G PON uses LDPC ( Low Density Parity Check) coding, which corrects more error bits and improves reception sensitivity by about 10dB.
- Common TC technology: 10G PON and 25G PON adopt the same Common TC (Transmission Convergence) technology for service transmission and scheduling, which defines PON frame structure, ONU registration and discovery, bandwidth allocation and dynamic bandwidth adjustment, data encryption and decryption, data saving, and data encryption and decryption. and data encryption and decryption, power saving modes and protection mechanisms.
10G PON and 25G PON have several advantages over GPON and EPON:
- Provide higher transmission rates to meet user demand for high-bandwidth services such as high-definition video, cloud computing, and online games.
- Supports more user access and improves the utilisation and efficiency of network resources.
- Compatible with existing PON technology, it can reuse existing optical fibres and splitters, reducing the cost of network construction and maintenance.
- Adopts advanced coding and error correction technologies to improve signal quality and reliability and extend transmission distance and coverage.
The application scenarios of 10G PON and 25G PON mainly include:
- Broadband access: 10G PON and 25G PON can provide high-speed broadband access services for home and business users, supporting a variety of service types, such as Internet, IPTV, VoIP and so on.
- Mobile backhaul: 10G PON and 25G PON can be used as a backhaul technology for mobile networks, providing high-speed data transmission for new-generation mobile communication technologies such as 5G and 6G, supporting features such as large capacity, low latency and high reliability.
- Data centre interconnection: 10G PON and 25G PON can be used as the interconnection technology between data centres to provide high-speed data exchange for applications such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., and support features such as high-density, high-performance, and low-power consumption.
10G PON and 25G PON are the new generation technologies of passive optical networks with high-speed, compatible, reliable, and energy-saving features, which are suitable for a variety of application scenarios and are the future trend of broadband access and data transmission. This paper introduces the key technologies of 10G PON and 25G PON, as well as their advantages and application scenarios, and hopes to be helpful to readers. For more detailed information, please refer to the related standard documents and technical articles.